According to international conventions governing sea rescue operations, maritime borders should not interfere with rescue efforts, as saving lives at sea is defined as a priority. However, since 2015, and in the specific context of maritime migration, the adherence to SAR conventions by signatory states has often taken a back seat, overshadowed by national sovereignty concerns focused on the dual control of borders and migratory flows. This interference of borders with the fundamental principles of sea rescue is part of a broader process of border externalization and the militarization of sea rescue operations.
Listen onlineThe Egyptian General Intelligence Service holds an exclusive mandate over the Palestinian issue, which involves a dual negotiation process: intra-Palestinian reconciliation on one hand, and the ceasefire in the Gaza Strip on the other. In reality, the involvement of security actors in these negotiations is symptomatic of a shift in how successive Egyptian regimes perceive this issue.
Listen onlineThe EU's external borders appear to be in an unprecedented—or at least historic—situation following the so-called "migrant crisis," which peaked in 2015. The migratory flows caused by various conflicts and politically unstable situations in the Near and Middle East bring particular prominence to the issue of human trafficking and the strategy of "externalizing" European border control.
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Over the span of about fifteen years, from the early 1990s to the mid-2000s, a network of actors operating within the institutions of the European Union constructed a transnational framework aimed at quantifying, measuring, and comparing different aspects of irregularity at the borders of member states. This article presents a unique historical investigation of this framework, studied from one of its points of emergence: the Information, Reflection, and Exchange Center for Border Crossing and Immigration (CIREFI), created in 1992 and dismantled in 2010 after merging with the Frontex agency.
Listen onlineSections 36(1) and 36(2) of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act establish the criteria for declaring a non-citizen found guilty of a criminal offense in Canada inadmissible on grounds of (serious) criminality. This article conceptualizes these inadmissibility provisions as a double penalty for non-citizens and as an act of internalizing the Canadian border, arguing that judges in the criminal justice system have acquired the power to (de)construct this border. Based on a jurisprudential analysis of 59 decisions written by municipal courts and the Court of Quebec between 2002 and 2023, the study examines how judges in the criminal justice system perceive their role in light of such power.
Listen onlineIn a global context of increasing forced displacements, unaccompanied minors (UAMs) typically flee dangerous situations, including organized violence and war. The traumas and forms of victimization experienced in their country of origin (pre-migratory phase) and during irregular border crossings (peri-migratory phase) may worsen upon their arrival in the destination country (post-migratory phase). Additionally, due to family separation from uprooting and the vulnerability linked to the difficult recognition of their minor status, UAMs are exposed to various risks. In this precarious context, the care and protection of UAMs must be swift and effective.
Listen onlineThe aim of this article is to examine the existence of a subculture of violence shared by inmates incarcerated in the Violent Offender Unit. It is situated within a phenomenology of prison subcultures, analyzing how inmates perceive their own relationship to violence rather than focusing on specific forms of violence. The materials were gathered through narrative mediation, which combines observations and interviews to create narrative accounts, and the results are expressed through fables written with three inmates.
Listen onlineThe COVID-19 crisis led to the emergence of new social norms, creating tensions among citizens who did not adopt the same stances of compliance with health measures. A group of individuals contesting the measures taken during the health crisis developed within a polarized context. Based on interviews with leaders and active members of the movements opposing COVID measures, we analyzed their ideological discourse and behaviors.
Listen onlineAlthough the police profession is recognized as one that can generate high levels of stress, studies show that officers still make limited use of psychological help. Most of these studies have been conducted with American police populations, but no study on this topic has been carried out with a Quebec police population. A mixed-methods study examining the use of psychological support services was conducted in 2021 with 507 SPVM officers.
Listen onlineBased on a qualitative field study in a French detention center, this article explores the logics behind the greening of prisons. It highlights the discrepancy between greening as defined at the national level (which primarily involves reducing fluid consumption) and how prison staff in the studied facility appropriate it (by integrating it into a perspective of security and the calming of detention).
Listen onlineYoung people who identify as trans or non-binary (NBT) are at risk of various forms of discrimination, abuse and violence from members of their family or those around them. The aim of this article is to: 1) draw up a portrait of young people from New Brunswick who have experienced one or more types of abuse; 2) identify the specific context of this violence and its repercussions on the well-being of young people from New Brunswick.
Listen onlineFor most federally incarcerated people, the Admission and Release (AR) area is the first step upon arrival in a Canadian penitentiary. Many enter the A&R area with mixed feelings of fear, anxiety and anticipation, resulting in powerful emotional memories of this environment.
Listen onlineThis twenty-fourth episode interviews Donald Tremblay & Paul Eid.
This twenty-fifth episode interviews Emmanuelle Bernheim.
This twenty-sixth episode interviews Justin Piché.
Listen onlineThis twenty-seventh episode interviews Gabrielle Prince-Guérard.
Listen onlineThis twenty-eighth episode interviews Nicolas Spallanzani-Sarrasin
Listen onlineThis twenty-ninth episode interviews Anne Wuilleumier.
Listen onlineThis thirtieth episode interviews Massimiliano Mulone & Victor Armony.
Listen onlineThis thirty-first episode interviews Alexandre Gauthier.
Listen onlineThis thirty-second episode interviews Patrick Lussier.
Listen onlineThis thirty-third episode interviews Isabelle Thibault.
Listen onlineThis thirty-fourth episode interviews Rémi Boivin.
Listen onlineThrough two narratives of inmates and their gait within penitentiary radicalization assessment units in France, this contribution investigates the effects of detention and hypersecuritization, taking as its focus the inmates' bodily experience and their possibilities of appropriating space.
Listen onlineIn this article, we analyze the experience and concerns of Canadian federal correctional officers (COs) regarding their work environment. Drawing on prison geography, and recognizing the importance of the links between architecture, physical layout and the lived experience of space, we investigated the effect of light (or the lack of it) on CAs' work environment and well-being. The participants reported in this article (n = 60) were recruited as part of a large longitudinal study (Ricciardelli et al., 2021). After noting that limited access to natural light is often justified by safety considerations, we first analyzed the impact of this absence of natural light on the work experience and on the health and well-being of CAs. We then looked at alternative measures for addressing safety issues through the use of excessive light sources.
Listen onlineCette réflexion soutient que les frontières orientales et septentrionales du Cameroun sont, sur certaines portions, traversées par des logiques carcérales. Ces dernières contribuent à renforcer, dans un contexte de fortes mutations, leurs fonctions traditionnelles tout en esquissant les contours de nouvelles spatialités frontalières. Elles révèlent ainsi des grammaires carcérales, localement inédites, dont rendent compte trois dispositifs précis qui y opèrent : les drones, la vidéosurveillance et les camps.
Listen onlineThe geography of confinement is largely based on an approach to confinement as it relates to mobility. This original, founding link between confinement and mobility characterizes the discipline.
Listen onlineThe aim of this article is to contribute to the debate in prison geography concerning the diffusion of the carceral beyond the institutions of confinement themselves. Geographers generally approach this diffusion from the angle of the homology between the prison and spaces which, like it, are characterized by the existence of a material enclosure.
Listen onlineBased on a study conducted with children aged 8 to 18 regarding their lockdown experience, this article discusses theoretical and methodological issues related to participation processes. In response to the global pandemic, numerous countries were required throughout 2020 to undertake population lockdown measures.
Listen onlineYouth under the care of Quebec’s youth protection services are required to meet a large number of new caseworkers, due mainly to staff turnover, but also the organizational structure of these services. The number of caseworkers likely impacts the provided quality of service.
Listen onlineYouths running away from residential care centers worries authorities and families, as it interferes with ongoing rehabilitation efforts, while also exposing the runaways to a variety of situations where their safety or development can be put at risk.
Listen onlineThis paper reviews four quantitative and mixed-methods research projects focused on both the problems, challenges and needs of young people under protection in their transition to adulthood, as well as the actions developed to foster their social inclusion. Based on the principal conclusions of these studies, the main objective of this transversal synthesis is to provide relevant information about the synergies, contradictions and dilemmas of the employed approaches for the transition to adulthood of young people leaving the child protection system.
Listen onlineFor youth exiting care in France and Quebec at the age of majority, transition to adulthood is a major challenge. With few networks or resources to assist them, essential support can come in this scenario from groups of former foster youths. These groups provide advice and assistance to those seeking them out, in addition to advocating to public authorities on behalf of youth in care. Few Francophone studies have shed light on the autonomous mobilization of young people through groups that represent them.
Listen onlineThis article explores the continuity of sociopenal interventions experienced by “dual-system youth,” i.e. youth in the Quebec juvenile justice system who are currently, or were in the past, also monitored under the Youth Protection Act. Specifically, the article focuses on the experiences of these youth as they move from one intervention system to the other, as well as the impacts of the links shared by the two systems on youth trajectories.
Listen onlineThis article seeks to highlight how former foster care youths describe and make sense of their traumatic past, as well as how these elements impact their self-perception and vision of the future. Thirty-one former foster care youths’ life stories were analyzed based on the tenets of theoretical thematic analysis (Boyatzis, 1998), as well as the premises of complex trauma and narrative identity theories.
Listen onlinehis article presents the results of an administrative study conducted at the CIUSSS de la Capitale-Nationale in response to Orientation 1 of the Quebec Ministry of Health and Social Services’ action plan on runaways in residential care (Gouvernement du Québec, 2018). The first part of this study documents the characteristics of youths in residential care (n = 148), based on an analysis of their child protection services files.
Listen onlineSeveral studies over the past decade demonstrate a clear relationship between poverty and the risk of experiencing child protection intervention in Quebec. While this association is common across North American jurisdictions, it is surprising given the relatively high level of progressive social policies aimed at reducing family poverty. While studies clearly show that both family and neighbourhood poverty relate to the risk of child protection involvement, the mechanisms explaining this association are unclear.
Listen onlineThis article discusses certain issues related to the modernization of youth protection systems in France and Quebec in light of recently released public reports. After highlighting some of the major trajectories and institutional characteristics of these two systems, we first discuss the conditions of access and effective participation of children in the protective measures that concern them. Secondly, we explore the idea of systematizing support paths beyond the age of majority, with the goal of taking concrete institutional actions to counter the “dry-exit” phenomenon.
Listen onlineYoung people from ethnocultural communities are overrepresented under the Youth Criminal Justice Act (YJCA). Practitioners at the Director of Youth Protection (DYP), as well as various youth criminal justice system actors, are faced with an increasingly diverse ethnocultural clientele, which entails sensitivity to the issues of migration, ethnocultural identities and differential life trajectories experienced by this clientele.
Listen onlineThe trans and non-binary youth population is known to be at risk of discrimination and violence, in addition to facing a high risk of parental neglect. The limited research available regarding their experiences in child welfare settings reveals that these youth endure discrimination and are often forced to live with an assigned gender that is not appropriate for them.
Listen onlineRestorative justice (RJ) was “officially” implemented in France for the Judicial Youth Protection Services (PJJ) in 2018 following a call for projects launched by the Ministry of Justice. The Code for Juvenile Criminal Justice (CJPM), which came into force on September 30, 2021, legislated RJ into juvenile criminal law in the preliminary title of the code dealing with the general principles of juvenile criminal justice.
Listen onlineOver the years, Carlo Morselli took an interest in finding ways to introduce social network analysis into various criminology intervention fields. Researchers focused on carceral environments have noted the potential of such an approach, as well as the importance for prisoners of maintaining positive ties as a way of compensating for the absence of their significant relationships.
Listen onlineIt goes without saying that the needs of young people placed or followed up in the community (on probation, for example), or those receiving services in the protection and juvenile criminal justice systems (including young people under dual mandate who have been followed up in both systems), are at the center of media, social, political and scientific concerns. Internationally, the International Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) promotes the need to allow young people to express their views in decisions that concern them, on a par with their right to appropriate living conditions, a place to live, quality schooling and non-discrimination.
Listen onlineThe purpose of this article is to present the results of qualitative research conducted with 10 young people placed under the Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA) in Quebec. The interactional justice approach was used to explore how these young people perceive their interactions with judges during hearings, and the implications of these interactions for their engagement in their own recovery process.
Listen onlineTestifying in court can be highly challenging and demanding for children and teenagers who witness or are victims of a crime. Certain young people, especially those in care under the Youth Protection Act (YPA), have specific needs and may need to testify on more than one occasion. Despite the number of children and young people being called to testify, few studies have documented the contribution of preparation programs to the proper support of youth at the judicial level.
Listen onlinePour la première fois depuis sa création, la revue Criminologie porte son attention, dans ce numéro thématique (Volume 52, No1), sur ces personnes qui n’ont pas enfreint les normes pénales, ni ne sont des victimes de ces infractions, ni même des agents qui influencent, modifient ou appliquent ces normes. Ce qui les identifie, malgré elles, comme une population hétérogène que la criminologie se doit de mieux connaître, ce sont leurs liens familiaux et affectifs avec une personne judiciarisée.
Ce premier épisode interroge Sandra Lehalle, Caroline Touraut et Vanina Ferreccio sur leurs articles.
Listen onlinePour la première fois depuis sa création, la revue Criminologie porte son attention, dans ce numéro thématique (Volume 52, No1), sur ces personnes qui n’ont pas enfreint les normes pénales, ni ne sont des victimes de ces infractions, ni même des agents qui influencent, modifient ou appliquent ces normes. Ce qui les identifie, malgré elles, comme une population hétérogène que la criminologie se doit de mieux connaître, ce sont leurs liens familiaux et affectifs avec une personne judiciarisée.
Ce second épisode interroge Gwenola Ricordeau, Ariane Amado et Else Marie Knudsen sur leurs articles.
Listen onlinePour la première fois depuis sa création, la revue Criminologie porte son attention, dans ce numéro thématique (Volume 52, No1), sur ces personnes qui n’ont pas enfreint les normes pénales, ni ne sont des victimes de ces infractions, ni même des agents qui influencent, modifient ou appliquent ces normes. Ce qui les identifie, malgré elles, comme une population hétérogène que la criminologie se doit de mieux connaître, ce sont leurs liens familiaux et affectifs avec une personne judiciarisée.
Ce troisième épisode interroge Sophie de Saussure et Stacey Hannem sur leurs articles.
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